Cable insulation is a critical component that protects conductors and ensures safe electrical operation. Common insulation materials include PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene), PE (Polyethylene), and rubber compounds. PVC is popular for its flexibility, flame retardance, and cost-effectiveness, commonly used in control and building wires. XLPE offers excellent thermal and chemical resistance, making it suitable for high-voltage power cables. PE provides excellent dielectric properties, often used in coaxial and communication cables. Rubber insulation offers high flexibility and durability in harsh environments. Choosing the right insulation depends on factors like temperature rating, voltage, mechanical stress, chemical exposure, and application environment.